The net effect of all this was that the understanding of pathogens in disease was driven by the study of well-known, easy-to-culture microbes–which, as it turns out, represent the vast minority of bacteria in the human body. As a result, many researchers began to assume that chronic diseases were not caused by microbes. Until the last several years, efforts to detect and identify microorganisms in the human body have depended almost exclusively on in vitro studies. the usefulness of protein lysates from culture-grown bacteria is limited as a source of antigen for ELISPOT analysis.īecause of this, in vitro studies may lead to results that do not correspond to the circumstances occuring around a living organism. To cite one example among many, the lysates or extracts from culture-grown spirochetes do not reflect antigens expressed in the mammalian Borrelia:Īddressing this question is complicated by the fact that protein expression of culture-grown spirochetes does not fully resemble Borrelia in the host, i.e. One of the abiding weaknesses of in vitro experiments is that they fail to replicate the precise cellular conditions of an organism, particularly a microbe. Many experiments in cellular biology are conducted outside of organisms or cells. In vitro (Latin for within the glass) refers to the technique of performing a given procedure in a controlled environment outside of a living organism. Evidence that chronic disease is caused by pathogens.Transmission of bacteria and onset of chronic disease.
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